How to Tell if You are in an Old English Poem -The Toast

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2081Previously in this series

You are a man: a worthy warrior, a hard-hearted hero, a mighty mail-warrior, a sturdy spear-bearer, a resolute retainer, an eager earl, a fierce-minded fighter, a stalwart soldier…

You deliver both insults and speeches exclusively in tight alliterative verse.

You are a pagan, and this is very sad.

You are a Christian, but in a suitably Germanic way.

You are the last survivor of your people.

No one understands your suffering.

You bury gold with your dear ones. You cover your people with earth. You conceal treasure under the ground.

Your favorite sport is ill-advised wrestling.

You drink mead from a mead-cup while sitting on a mead-bench in a mead-hall at a mead-party.

It is unclear whether you are in need of a lord or the Lord.

The case system is collapsing around your ears. Grammatical gender is disintegrating. The dual number is only for special occasions.

Most of your problems have probably been caused by prideful boasting or Vikings.

Indeed, Vikings are your most hateful enemy, but you reserve your real ire for Jewish people. Also, you have never met a Jewish person.

The grey wolf, greedy for gore, and the dark, dewy-feathered crow are waiting for the battle to end.

You are a Biblical figure, but your version of the Bible story is much cooler than the canonical one.

Your entire economy is based on gold rings, precious gifts, from your lord, the giver of treasures.

You have an encyclopedic knowledge of the local seabirds because they are your only companions.

You have a dream vision. There is absolutely no symbolism involved. The central figure of the vision tells you directly what the theological takeaway is.

Suitable prizes to claim from a battle include your enemy’s rings and other treasures. In the absence of treasure, you take an arm instead.

Your sword is either beautifully decorated or stained with blood.

You are tricked by the Vikings, which is to say they ask politely for a more advantageous position on the battlefield and you give it to them.

Your fate is inexorable.

You are geographically separated from your spouse, so you may as well sit in a hole until you can be together again.

Your name alliterates with your father’s, your brothers’, and all your immediate male relatives’.

You are the subject of a riddle. You are either genitalia or some innocuous household object. This is hilarious.

Roman ruins are the most existentially distressing things in the world to you.

Your corpse-pole is ash. Your battle-bill is iron. Your war-board is linden.

You die for your lord. This may or may not be anachronistic.

You brought your sword and chainmail shirt to a swimming contest. They came in handy.

You are doomed. Your people are doomed. Your world is doomed.

Your weapon breaks in battle. This proves to be less of a problem than it might at first seem.

Your heart, mind, and spirit only grow stronger as your comrades fall in battle. You still lose.

Whether you go to Heaven or Hell, it is ultimately due to the faults or virtues of your body, the life-house.

You use incredibly artful metaphors in your speech, but have never even heard of an analogy.

You have never run out of synonyms. If you ever run low on synonyms, you can create a new metaphor.

When you behead a man, your greatest concern is how to transport the head home. Fortunately, you planned ahead and brought a bag and a handmaiden for the purpose.

The apocalypse is coming. The apocalypse is coming. The apocalypse is coming.

Samantha Finley bounces capriciously between Baltimore and Chicago. She enjoys good puns and bad movies.

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When you behead a man, your greatest concern is how to transport the head home. Fortunately, you planned ahead and brought a bag and a handmaiden for the purpose.

A+ man-beheading game, I am FOREVER forgetting to plan ahead. Thanks for the tip!
Mere mead and ale are, always, indistinguishable. While your word-welder has heard of many a kenning, her translation has not a single ceasura, and assonance is always absent.
8 replies · active 504 weeks ago
Kennings are the best! Poems are wandering along, telling a story everyone knowns, and then suddenly there's this dense clot of really strange information. "Dude was an enemy of the fire of the sea; his leek dudes had sun of the houses on the sea all over the hawk's mountain". Is that bad? Does that make him... bad? at avenging his brother?

Nope. He was generous (an enemy of gold) (gold is fire of the sea), and his warriors (because leeks look like spears?*) have gold (fire of the sea again, but sun of the houses is a kenning for fire) on their arms (where hawks perch when you are hawking, as if your arm were a mountain.) He is a generous king, and his warriors are rich, they have great jewelry. This is good. It shows that the delay in avenging does not mean that he is a man without value.

* Probably someone out there knows more about a.) kennings but also b.) leek etymology? Because garlic is from the gar-leek, or the spear-leek, and there are leek-leeks, and then there are house leeks which also have spear-shaped leaves but are not at all like garlic? What the hell does leek mean? Are there other leeks besides those three?
Look I was going to thank you for this entirely amazing and informative comment and then I got to "Probably someone out there knows more about a.) kennings but also b.) leek etymology?" and I died, so.

Edited to add this, from the Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, because I cannot help myself.

Leeks are mysterious.
I wonder what kind of treaty was signed when Leeks and Onions cemented their alliance? Perhaps they shared a mead-cup?
Leeks are inherently humorous. And Welsh. Just ask Shakespeare, a poet who had the misfortune to be born well after the glory that was Anglo-Saxon poetry.
Creative etymology:
The word for hero or warrior in Irish is "laoch," which sounds a lot like a two-syllabled "leek" when spoken.
Wiktionary tells me this is from "Late Latin lāicus (“lay, layman, laic”), from Ancient Greek λαϊκός (laïkós, “of the people”)"
But the Irish word for "leek" is "cainneann," so, really, I've got nothing. I just want to second your call for an answer to the leek question. Where would we be without garlic and onions? Somewhere lacking taste, that's where.
Fellow allium family enthusiasts: please do yourselves a favor and scroll down to "Riddle: The Curious Creature" at this link for a truly amazing OE riddle - spears, eh? Eh?

Everything really is a dick joke. Even onions.
Could I get a handmaiden without the beheading? I feel like that would be good.
l'inconnue's avatar

l'inconnue · 504 weeks ago

THIS IS BOTH ACCURATE AND DELIGHTFUL YES THANK YOU

now if only there were one of these for medieval welsh
6 replies · active 504 weeks ago
Your husband, who has not had sex with you in a year, turns out to have body-swapped with the King of the Otherworld. You hate when that happens.
"Why do you want to have sex with me now, we haven't had sex in a year."
"I body swapped with a human man? So that I wouldn't get murdered by my enemy? Did he not have sex with you the whole time?"
"Well, since you explained that I was married to YOU, and so he shouldn't bed me while disguised?"
"Um no, that didn't really come up."
"Huh. Huh. Well done choosing a human double who didn't rape me then? A+ random desperate selection skills?"
"I'm now realizing that he's actually an infinitely preferable choice. Can I have him back?"
You are playing a board game. It is SYMBOLIC. Of ... something. You don't know what.

Ravens are coming to feed. If they're here to eat your dying enemies, terrific. Otherwise, they're here for you.

You have been a sword, and a harp, and a book, and goodness knows what else.

Three ships went in, but only seven people came home. You're pretty sure there were more people on those ships in the first place.
l'inconnue's avatar

l'inconnue · 504 weeks ago

Your name is BREUDWYT RHONABWY and you are probably written by A TIME-TRAVELLING MEDIEVAL LITERATURE STUDENT WHO WANTED TO MAKE THEIR FELLOW STUDENTS CRY.
Welsh and Irish spelling: the Celts' ultimate retaliation against the English.
You do not bother to write the tight alliterative verse with line breaks and caesurae. You don't have enough vellum to waste space like that, especially since you need to spend your time preparing for the end of the world instead of processing animal hides.
"Fortunately, you planned ahead and brought a bag and a handmaiden for the purpose."

Wait. Wait. Is handmaiden really mistranslation of headmaiden? Originally a much bloodier job, but then they spent so much time fixing their blood-stained battle clothes that they decided to all switch to the much more lucrative business of princess clothes-fixin.
Turnip Truck's avatar

Turnip Truck · 504 weeks ago

You are incapable of using a simple descriptive noun. Everything must be described using a round-about phrase.

The king's counsellors are not to be trusted.

It's not a party unless someone has vaulted the table.
THIS IS GREAT. I especially love the parts about Roman ruins and sitting in a hole. All earthly things are impermanent, and that which was never joined is easily torn asunder. *weeps*
Half of your nouns are simply other nouns combined in new and interesting ways.

Also, there are two roads that split off leading to the building where my office lives. One of these roads leads you around the entire building, and is an annoying and confusing way to try to get anywhere. The other is more direct, and is painted blue with fish on it. I delight in telling people to take the "fish-road" to the store; I don't think anybody quite understands the true hilarity of this.
In the saga of Gisli (not entirely on topic, I know, I know, but poems! And ancient northern Europe!) Gisli and his wife Aud are fighting off the law on top of a hill. She smacks one of the warriors so hard with a club that he falls down the hill, ass over teakettle, taking out other members of the murder mob. He turns to her and speaks his last words
"I always knew I had married well, but it was not until this moment that I realized how good the match was." This is the sweetest thing! The sweetest thing!

(He gets murdered, the law goes to a nearby house to drink and feel maudlin about the murder, the wife of the house is Gisli's sister but her husband won't turn out fifteen armed men, his sister stabs the leader of the troop in the belly and tries to stab other dudes, her husband pulls her away, she declares that they are divorced because he is such a piece of shit, the sisters-in-law (Aud and Gisli's sister) go on a pilgrimage to Rome and never return. That is, they live out the rest of their lives in relative wealth in Italy, the end.
2 replies · active 504 weeks ago
I love Old Norse divorce law. "You suck, I hate you, and our marriage is over. I said good day, sir!"
WE ARE DIVORCED.

No lie, I quote these stories all the time with the spouse.
Ben Aldred's avatar

Ben Aldred · 504 weeks ago

You are fighting the mother of someone whose arm is on your wall.
ALSO there's a saga where Hallgerður steals food from the neighbors during a famine (a terrible source of shame) and her husband (Gunnar) slaps her for doing so.

Some years later they are attacked by like twenty dudes and Gunnar manages to hold them off with his bow. He kills eight of them, but his bowstring snaps and he's like "Darling, will you get me another bowstring?"
"What happens if I don't?"
"I'll... die?"
"Do you remember how you slapped me once?"
"Oh. Yes. Well. Each man has his own way of earning fame, I guess. I won't trouble you again."
3 replies · active 504 weeks ago
Anyway I feel like these dudes are basically the embodiment of crazed European masculinity, and *they* can treat women with respect for their will and safety, so possibly contemporary dudes could shape the hell up.
Njal's Saga is the best saga!

I am unaccountably fond of the bit where people discover that Hallgerd stole food during the famine by snitching all the leftover bits of cheese and fitting them back together in the original cheese mold. CSI Medieval Iceland!
I forgot that and it is amazing.
I've been searching for an authentic mead-bench to complete my living room. Very few survived the vigorous quaffing of the era.
4 replies · active 504 weeks ago
All things are impermanent. All ages pass. Ask Harald to make you a new one this winter during the snow.
When I took a class on Beowulf in college, the professor said one day, "Ok, where it says 'pillaged their mead benches' what do you think that means?"

And one of my classmates replied, "After that they had to stand?"
Heroes used them hard, in happier times, those high-hearted spear-holders. Shouting and singing, they rattled the mead-seats, splintered them all, one by one. Sword-men care not for furnishings, nor mark they the work done by women, who must wash those benighted tables every goddamn day.
"You are tricked by the Vikings, which is to say they ask politely for a more advantageous position on the battlefield and you give it to them."

Oh Byrhtnoth. You had one job.
1 reply · active 504 weeks ago
Damn that ofermod of his.
I took a year of Old English in college because I thought it would be an easy way to fulfill the foreign language requirement (IT WAS NOT), and one of my roommates somehow became convinced that the entirety of Anglo-Saxon literature was about oxen. She was about 60% correct.
2 replies · active 504 weeks ago
Naw she's thinking of Irish literature.
Irish literature is the one where post-coital sweet nothings consist solely of cow-stealing boasts, right?
Teka Lynn's avatar

Teka Lynn · 504 weeks ago

Kennings are your best, and only, friends.
Wiggy Stardust's avatar

Wiggy Stardust · 504 weeks ago

So great to see Old English getting some attention. I am *figuratively* dying. But let's not forget the Young Thug song, which I would argue dwarfs the entire COEP . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OpdjbzTIhM
This is most glorious.
You are the subject of a riddle. You are either genitalia or some innocuous household object. This is hilarious.
It really is.
You are cold and damp.

It's really not an Anglo Saxon poem unless everyone is cold and damp.

You are alone on the whale road, the swan path, the sail-way, and it is full of ice, and you are cold and damp. Things used to be better, and especially warmer and drier, back in the good old days. But not any more because everything is transient.

(Everything is transient except being cold and damp, which is eternal.)
2 replies · active 490 weeks ago
While on the whale road, you are shipwrecked on an island. It turns out to be a whale. This is very allegorical. But still cold and damp.
I have thumbs-upped this comment on several different computers. It has not stopped being funny.

I'll just sail away now, stirring the ice-cold sea with my bare hands.

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